At this site, gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) exchange between air and blood. The alveoli are air sacs surrounded by very thin walls containing blood. In a healthy lung, inhaled air flows through the airways and alveolar ducts to the alveoli. Hospital-acquired pneumonia often results from other bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. The most common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia is the pneumococcus ( Streptococcus pneumoniae). Other viral causes include influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and more. SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and became pandemic in 2020 and is currently an especially pressing cause of pneumonia, COVID-19. Most of the time, pneumonia is caused by viruses or bacteria, but fungi and other microbes can be responsible. Pneumonia is caused by an infection, and a wide variety of microbes can infect the lungs. ![]() When the deep lungs are injured or infected, pus accumulates there. When a tissue is infected or injured, there is an inflammatory response that is, in the simplest sense, an accumulation of pus. Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory response deep in the lungs, in the alveoli.
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